{"id":32,"date":"2025-05-06T06:37:39","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T06:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/?page_id=32"},"modified":"2025-05-14T09:33:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T09:33:04","slug":"journals","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/","title":{"rendered":"Journals"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"32\" class=\"elementor elementor-32\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f915dc elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"7f915dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1668d2\" data-id=\"b1668d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b89afe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b89afe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Welcome to the Journal of Research Innovation and Developmant (JRID)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64fe67d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64fe67d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Scholarly International Journal for Multidisciplinary Publications and Transformative Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1e2deb wpr-button-icon-style-inline wpr-button-icon-position-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-button\" data-id=\"a1e2deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-button-wrap elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t<a class=\"wpr-button wpr-button-effect wpr-button-overline-from-left\" data-text=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/submit-manuscript\/\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-text\">Submit Manuscript<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b315098 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"4b315098\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52ad3dff\" data-id=\"52ad3dff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6808406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6808406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6769d35d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6769d35d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32cf2788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32cf2788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"651\">The <strong data-start=\"206\" data-end=\"263\">Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID)<\/strong> is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed international academic journal published by the <strong data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"393\">Center for Research Innovation and Development (CRID)<\/strong>, based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. JRID serves as a dynamic platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to share original research, critical insights, and innovative solutions that address pressing challenges in local, regional, and global development.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"1163\">Launched with the mission to promote evidence-based knowledge and foster inclusive development, JRID publishes high-quality research articles, reviews, policy briefs, and case studies across a wide range of disciplines including sustainable development, public health, environmental science, education, technology, agriculture, social sciences, and economics. The journal encourages both theoretical and applied research that contributes to innovation, capacity building, and sustainable policy transformation.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1535\">JRID is especially committed to highlighting research from the Global South and creating space for emerging scholars and early-career researchers. By offering a platform that values contextual relevance, interdisciplinary thinking, and collaborative approaches, the journal supports the generation of new ideas that can inform policy and practice across diverse sectors.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1858\">The journal maintains a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic integrity and uphold high publication standards. It welcomes contributions from researchers, development professionals, and academics around the world, with special interest in research that bridges the gap between knowledge and action.\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1858\">In addition to publishing biannually, JRID also curates special issues on emerging themes and organizes academic dialogues, workshops, and knowledge-sharing events in collaboration with partner institutions.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2341\">By advancing innovative thinking and research excellence, the <strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2188\">Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID)<\/strong> aligns with CRID\u2019s broader vision of building a more informed, equitable, and sustainable future through impactful scholarship and global collaboration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2df690 wpr-button-icon-style-inline wpr-button-icon-position-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-button\" data-id=\"a2df690\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-button-wrap elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t<a class=\"wpr-button wpr-button-effect wpr-button-none\" data-text=\"\" href=\"#link\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-text\">Explore More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67e4575d\" data-id=\"67e4575d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6167bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f6167bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/JRID2-668x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-439\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/JRID2-668x1024.webp 668w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/JRID2-196x300.webp 196w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/JRID2-600x920.webp 600w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/JRID2.webp 720w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b02c3e6 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b02c3e6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28a7a6d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28a7a6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56ab43c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56ab43c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the Journal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72c1172 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"72c1172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0fd8a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0fd8a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"651\">The <strong><em data-start=\"103\" data-end=\"158\">Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID)<\/em><\/strong> is an international peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary academic journal published by the <strong data-start=\"248\" data-end=\"305\">Center for Research Innovation and Development (CRID)<\/strong>, headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dedicated to fostering scholarly exchange and innovation, JRID provides a vibrant forum for researchers, professionals, and policymakers to contribute cutting-edge studies, analytical perspectives, and practical approaches to contemporary challenges in development at local, regional, and global scales.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"1163\">Launched with the mission to promote evidence-based knowledge and foster inclusive development, JRID publishes high-quality research articles, reviews, policy briefs, and case studies across a wide range of disciplines including sustainable development, public health, environmental science, education, technology, agriculture, social sciences, and economics. The journal encourages both theoretical and applied research that contributes to innovation, capacity building, and sustainable policy transformation.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1535\">JRID is especially committed to highlighting research from the Global South and creating space for emerging scholars and early-career researchers. By offering a platform that values contextual relevance, interdisciplinary thinking, and collaborative approaches, the journal supports the generation of new ideas that can inform policy and practice across diverse sectors.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1858\">The journal maintains a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic integrity and uphold high publication standards. It welcomes contributions from researchers, development professionals, and academics around the world, with special interest in research that bridges the gap between knowledge and action.\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1858\">In addition to publishing biannually, JRID also curates special issues on emerging themes and organizes academic dialogues, workshops, and knowledge-sharing events in collaboration with partner institutions.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2341\">By advancing innovative thinking and research excellence, the <strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2188\">Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID)<\/strong> aligns with CRID\u2019s broader vision of building a more informed, equitable, and sustainable future through impactful scholarship and global collaboration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6f56af elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"a6f56af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Prof_sanni_yaya.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-425\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Prof_sanni_yaya.jpg 673w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Prof_sanni_yaya-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Prof_sanni_yaya-600x610.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h2 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Prof. Dr. Sani Yaya<\/h2><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Editor-in-Chief\n <br> \nProfessor of Economics and Global Health, Director and Associate Dean of the School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c9e59 e-grid-align-left elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"87c9e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook-f elementor-repeater-item-33e528a\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook-f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook-f\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-41f9084\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-54e60f6\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-8eb34a0\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" 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29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-tumblr elementor-repeater-item-2b155e3\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Tumblr<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-tumblr\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M309.8 480.3c-13.6 14.5-50 31.7-97.4 31.7-120.8 0-147-88.8-147-140.6v-144H17.9c-5.5 0-10-4.5-10-10v-68c0-7.2 4.5-13.6 11.3-16 62-21.8 81.5-76 84.3-117.1.8-11 6.5-16.3 16.1-16.3h70.9c5.5 0 10 4.5 10 10v115.2h83c5.5 0 10 4.4 10 9.9v81.7c0 5.5-4.5 10-10 10h-83.4V360c0 34.2 23.7 53.6 68 35.8 4.8-1.9 9-3.2 12.7-2.2 3.5.9 5.8 3.4 7.4 7.9l22 64.3c1.8 5 3.3 10.6-.4 14.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6464b16 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6464b16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5509286 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5509286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Open Access Statement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3175d14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3175d14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1877\">CRID upholds the principle that <strong data-start=\"1565\" data-end=\"1606\">knowledge should be accessible to all<\/strong> for the collective benefit of humankind. Research published in JRID is made freely available to readers worldwide, removing barriers to access and enhancing the global exchange of knowledge. Article processing charges (APCs) are covered by authors or their institutions.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1879\" data-end=\"2156\">All CRID journals, including JRID, operate under the <strong data-start=\"1932\" data-end=\"1980\">Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY)<\/strong>, allowing articles to be shared and adapted freely, provided appropriate credit is given and any modifications are clearly stated. Authors retain full copyright of their work.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6b50a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe6b50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Double-Blind Peer Review Statement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2768a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2768a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"222\" data-end=\"410\">The <em data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"281\">Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID)<\/em> employs a <strong data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"328\">double-blind peer review process<\/strong> to ensure the highest standards of academic quality, integrity, and impartiality.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"427\">In this system:<\/p><ul data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"808\"><li class=\"\" data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"520\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"520\"><strong data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"473\">Authors and reviewers remain anonymous<\/strong> to each other throughout the review process.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"521\" data-end=\"658\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"658\">Reviewers do not have access to any identifying information about the authors, and authors do not know the identity of the reviewers.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"659\" data-end=\"808\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"808\">Manuscripts are reviewed solely on the basis of their scholarly merit, methodological soundness, originality, and relevance to the journal\u2019s scope.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"\" data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"1057\">The editorial team ensures that submitted manuscripts are stripped of identifying information before being sent to reviewers. Reviewers are selected based on their subject expertise, academic qualifications, and experience in scholarly publishing.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1390\">All submitted papers are initially screened by the editorial board to assess suitability and adherence to submission guidelines. Only manuscripts that pass this initial check are sent for peer review. Based on the reviewers\u2019 recommendations, the editorial team makes the final decision regarding acceptance, revision, or rejection.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1521\">This rigorous double-blind review policy upholds the journal\u2019s commitment to <strong data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1520\">fairness, transparency, and academic excellence<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bacb200 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bacb200\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright Statement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2002452 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2002452\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Under CRID\u2019s Conditions for Website Use and General Conditions for Authors, authors retain copyright of their articles. Third-party content included by CRID remains under the copyright of the respective owners. Authors are free to disseminate or republish their articles, with due citation of the original publication. Visitors may also download or share content, subject to the citation rules and copyright conditions mentioned.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5516c8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5516c8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Features<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fee927c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fee927c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li class=\"\" data-start=\"2644\" data-end=\"2786\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2646\" data-end=\"2786\"><strong data-start=\"2646\" data-end=\"2665\">High Visibility<\/strong>: JRID is actively applying for indexing in major international databases to ensure wide visibility and scholarly impact.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"2787\" data-end=\"2994\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2789\" data-end=\"2994\"><strong data-start=\"2789\" data-end=\"2810\">Rapid Publication<\/strong>: Submitted manuscripts receive a first editorial decision within approximately <strong data-start=\"2890\" data-end=\"2901\">15 days<\/strong> of submission. The full publication process is usually completed within <strong data-start=\"2974\" data-end=\"2993\">30 working days<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"2995\" data-end=\"3257\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2997\" data-end=\"3257\"><strong data-start=\"2997\" data-end=\"3025\">Recognition of Reviewers<\/strong>: Peer reviewers who contribute timely and constructive feedback are awarded <strong data-start=\"3102\" data-end=\"3123\">discount vouchers<\/strong> for APCs on future submissions to CRID journals and receive <strong data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3219\">official certificates of review<\/strong> in recognition of their contribution.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"3258\" data-end=\"3598\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3260\" data-end=\"3598\"><strong data-start=\"3260\" data-end=\"3285\">Commitment to Quality<\/strong>: JRID maintains the <strong data-start=\"3306\" data-end=\"3353\">highest editorial and peer review standards<\/strong> through collaborative efforts involving authors, editors, and reviewers. CRID is strongly against superficial or non-reviewed publishing models and ensures all research is rigorously evaluated for quality and societal impact before publication.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3f1d84 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b3f1d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2382168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a56755 wpr-advanced-accordion-icon-no-box elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"1a56755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;active_item&quot;:1}\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n            <div class=\"wpr-advanced-accordion\" data-accordion-type=\"accordion\" data-active-index=\"1\" data-accordion-trigger=\"click\" data-interaction-speed=\"0.4\">\n\n\t\t\t\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">What is the focus of JRID?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p><strong>JRID<\/strong> publishes interdisciplinary research in innovation, agricultural sciences, Social and sustainability\u00a0issues, and applied sciences\u00a0and engineering, biological, medical, phramacuiticals and public health issues, focusing on impactful research that addresses local and global challenges.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Is JRID an open access journal?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>Yes, JRID is an open-access journal. All articles are freely available online without subscription or paywall barriers.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">What type of manuscripts does JRID accept?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>JRID accepts original research articles, review papers, case studies, and short communications. All submissions must be original, unpublished, and not under review elsewhere.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">What is the journal\u2019s plagiarism policy?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>JRID strictly follows ethical publication practices. Submissions are screened through plagiarism detection software (e.g., Turnitin), and similarity should not exceed 15% (excluding references).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Does JRID allow simultaneous submissions to other journals?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>No. Manuscripts submitted to JRID must not be under consideration elsewhere.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Are there any publication fees or article processing charges (APC)?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>JRID currently does not charge any APCs. \u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">How can I submit a paper to JRID?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Manuscripts can be submitted via the journal\u2019s online submission portal or by email at editor.publication@cridglobal.org<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">What format should I follow for manuscript preparation?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>Authors must follow the <strong><b>JRID Author Guidelines<\/b><\/strong>, available on the journal\u2019s website, including formatting, referencing style (APA).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">How long does the peer-review process take?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>The initial review decision is usually communicated within 1\u20132\u00a0weeks of submission. The entire process, from submission to publication, typically takes 2\u20134 weeks.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Is the journal peer-reviewed?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>Yes, JRID follows a double-blind peer-review process to ensure objectivity and academic integrity.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Is JRID indexed in major databases?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>JRID is currently indexed in [Google Scholar, Crossref, DOAJ, ResearchGate, etc. \u2014 adjust based on actual indexing]. Applications for inclusion in Scopus\/Web of Science are under process.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Does the journal assign DOIs to published articles?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>Yes, all accepted articles are assigned a <strong><b>Digital Object Identifier (DOI)<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0via Crossref for persistent citation.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">How often is JRID published?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>JRID is published <strong><b>monthly<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">Can I share my published article on social media or institutional repositories?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>Yes, authors are encouraged to share their work. Articles can be posted on personal websites, institutional repositories, and academic networks.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">How can I request a correction or retraction?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>Authors must contact the editorial office immediately if a published article contains errors. Corrections or retractions follow COPE guidelines.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                \n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-accordion-item-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"wpr-acc-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-item-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-acc-title-text\">How do I contact the JRID editorial team?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-close\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-toggle-icon wpr-ti-open\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-acc-panel-content\"><p>For inquiries, authors can contact the editorial board at: editor.publication@cridglobal.org<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55ec2a7 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55ec2a7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e731f7 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e731f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e12a6b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"e12a6b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=6QPA1hn-evE&quot;,&quot;show_image_overlay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;image_overlay&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/publication.cridglobal.org\\\/jrid\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/world-map-high-definition-scaled.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:454,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;library&quot;},&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" 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data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJ0eXBlIjoidmlkZW8iLCJ2aWRlb1R5cGUiOiJ5b3V0dWJlIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLmNvbVwvZW1iZWRcLzZRUEExaG4tZXZFP2ZlYXR1cmU9b2VtYmVkJnN0YXJ0JmVuZCZ3bW9kZT1vcGFxdWUmbG9vcD0wJmNvbnRyb2xzPTEmbXV0ZT0wJnJlbD0wJmNjX2xvYWRfcG9saWN5PTAiLCJhdXRvcGxheSI6IiIsIm1vZGFsT3B0aW9ucyI6eyJpZCI6ImVsZW1lbnRvci1saWdodGJveC1lMTJhNmIxIiwiZW50cmFuY2VBbmltYXRpb24iOiIiLCJlbnRyYW5jZUFuaW1hdGlvbl90YWJsZXQiOiIiLCJlbnRyYW5jZUFuaW1hdGlvbl9tb2JpbGUiOiIiLCJ2aWRlb0FzcGVjdFJhdGlvIjoiMTY5In19\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1448\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-454\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-1024x579.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-1536x869.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-2048x1159.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/world-map-high-definition-600x339.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-play\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Play Video\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-play\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/call_for_papers\/\" target=\"_blank\">Call for Papers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80879f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e80879f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/current-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\">Current Issue<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88ccc2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"88ccc2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/past-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\">Past Issues<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5f5ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5f5ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/indexing-and-archiving\/\" target=\"_blank\">Indexing and Archiving<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-297a33c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"297a33c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/conferences\/\" target=\"_blank\">Conferences<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6362415 wpr-button-icon-style-inline wpr-button-icon-position-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-button\" data-id=\"6362415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-button-wrap elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t<a class=\"wpr-button wpr-button-effect wpr-button-none\" data-text=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/submit-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-text\">Submit Your Manuscript<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2fde320 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2fde320\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-795fb28\" data-id=\"795fb28\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1302e3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1302e3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Meet Our Editorial Advisors and Reviewers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e145db elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e145db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9240e51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9240e51\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d4885b\" data-id=\"1d4885b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0369c19 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0369c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"40\">Our Editorial Advisors and Reviewers<\/strong> comprise a distinguished panel of scholars, researchers, and professionals from diverse disciplines and global institutions, committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, peer review, and editorial excellence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dacca4b elementor-widget__width-initial wpr-button-icon-style-inline wpr-button-icon-position-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-button\" data-id=\"dacca4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-button-wrap elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t<a class=\"wpr-button wpr-button-effect wpr-button-wayra-right\" data-text=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/editorial-advisors-and-reviewers\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-text\">See All<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-148f0af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"148f0af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9256aea elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"9256aea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:200}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e269719 wpr-team-member-divider-center wpr-team-member-social-media-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-team-member\" data-id=\"e269719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"wpr-team-member\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-media\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Prof_sanni-.jpg\" alt=\"Dr.  Sanni Yaya\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-content\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-member-name\">Dr.  Sanni Yaya<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-job\">Editorial Member<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-description\">Professor, University of Ottawa, Canada\n<br>\n<br>\nInternational Development, Population  and Health policy, Foreign Aid and Health economics<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-social-media\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Sanni-Yaya\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-google\" viewBox=\"0 0 488 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M488 261.8C488 403.3 391.1 504 248 504 110.8 504 0 393.2 0 256S110.8 8 248 8c66.8 0 123 24.5 166.3 64.9l-67.5 64.9C258.5 52.6 94.3 116.6 94.3 256c0 86.5 69.1 156.6 153.7 156.6 98.2 0 135-70.4 140.8-106.9H248v-85.3h236.1c2.3 12.7 3.9 24.9 3.9 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Sanni-Yaya\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-researchgate\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 32v448h448V32H0zm262.2 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/SYaya\/\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-orcid\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M294.75 188.19h-45.92V342h47.47c67.62 0 83.12-51.34 83.12-76.91 0-41.64-26.54-76.9-84.67-76.9zM256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm-80.79 360.76h-29.84v-207.5h29.84zm-14.92-231.14a19.57 19.57 0 1 1 19.57-19.57 19.64 19.64 0 0 1-19.57 19.57zM300 369h-81V161.26h80.6c76.73 0 110.44 54.83 110.44 103.85C410 318.39 368.38 369 300 369z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d0f865 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"3d0f865\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09ca379 wpr-team-member-divider-center wpr-team-member-social-media-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-team-member\" data-id=\"09ca379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"wpr-team-member\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-media\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dr.-Anders-C.-Johansson.png\" alt=\"Dr.  Anders C. Johansson \">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-content\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-member-name\">Dr.  Anders C. Johansson <\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-job\">Editorial Member<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-description\">Professor, SCERI, Stockholm, Sweden\n<br>\n<br>\nGlobal Governance, International Relations, International Economics, Sustainable Development<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-social-media\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.se\/en\/research\/institutes\/sceri\/about-us\/statement\/\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-google\" viewBox=\"0 0 488 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M488 261.8C488 403.3 391.1 504 248 504 110.8 504 0 393.2 0 256S110.8 8 248 8c66.8 0 123 24.5 166.3 64.9l-67.5 64.9C258.5 52.6 94.3 116.6 94.3 256c0 86.5 69.1 156.6 153.7 156.6 98.2 0 135-70.4 140.8-106.9H248v-85.3h236.1c2.3 12.7 3.9 24.9 3.9 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Anders-Johansson-30\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-researchgate\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 32v448h448V32H0zm262.2 334.4c-6.6 3-33.2 6-50-14.2-9.2-10.6-25.3-33.3-42.2-63.6-8.9 0-14.7 0-21.4-.6v46.4c0 23.5 6 21.2 25.8 23.9v8.1c-6.9-.3-23.1-.8-35.6-.8-13.1 0-26.1.6-33.6.8v-8.1c15.5-2.9 22-1.3 22-23.9V225c0-22.6-6.4-21-22-23.9V193c25.8 1 53.1-.6 70.9-.6 31.7 0 55.9 14.4 55.9 45.6 0 21.1-16.7 42.2-39.2 47.5 13.6 24.2 30 45.6 42.2 58.9 7.2 7.8 17.2 14.7 27.2 14.7v7.3zm22.9-135c-23.3 0-32.2-15.7-32.2-32.2V167c0-12.2 8.8-30.4 34-30.4s30.4 17.9 30.4 17.9l-10.7 7.2s-5.5-12.5-19.7-12.5c-7.9 0-19.7 7.3-19.7 19.7v26.8c0 13.4 6.6 23.3 17.9 23.3 14.1 0 21.5-10.9 21.5-26.8h-17.9v-10.7h30.4c0 20.5 4.7 49.9-34 49.9zm-116.5 44.7c-9.4 0-13.6-.3-20-.8v-69.7c6.4-.6 15-.6 22.5-.6 23.3 0 37.2 12.2 37.2 34.5 0 21.9-15 36.6-39.7 36.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/id.linkedin.com\/in\/anders-c-johansson\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin-in\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=Z0nJwEUAAAAJ&#038;hl=en\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-orcid\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M294.75 188.19h-45.92V342h47.47c67.62 0 83.12-51.34 83.12-76.91 0-41.64-26.54-76.9-84.67-76.9zM256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm-80.79 360.76h-29.84v-207.5h29.84zm-14.92-231.14a19.57 19.57 0 1 1 19.57-19.57 19.64 19.64 0 0 1-19.57 19.57zM300 369h-81V161.26h80.6c76.73 0 110.44 54.83 110.44 103.85C410 318.39 368.38 369 300 369z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f6bfd5 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7f6bfd5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:100}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9bbe3a wpr-team-member-divider-center wpr-team-member-social-media-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-team-member\" data-id=\"a9bbe3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"wpr-team-member\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-media\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dr.-Mohsin-Hasan.png\" alt=\"Dr. Mohsin Hassan Saeed\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-content\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-member-name\">Dr. Mohsin Hassan Saeed<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-job\">Editorial Member<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-description\">Research Fellow, Michigan State University, USA\n<br>\n<br>\nChemical and Material Science Engineering, Nanotechnology\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-social-media\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=KZSqAtwAAAAJ&#038;hl=en\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-google\" viewBox=\"0 0 488 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M488 261.8C488 403.3 391.1 504 248 504 110.8 504 0 393.2 0 256S110.8 8 248 8c66.8 0 123 24.5 166.3 64.9l-67.5 64.9C258.5 52.6 94.3 116.6 94.3 256c0 86.5 69.1 156.6 153.7 156.6 98.2 0 135-70.4 140.8-106.9H248v-85.3h236.1c2.3 12.7 3.9 24.9 3.9 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Mohsin-Saeed-2\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-researchgate\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 32v448h448V32H0zm262.2 334.4c-6.6 3-33.2 6-50-14.2-9.2-10.6-25.3-33.3-42.2-63.6-8.9 0-14.7 0-21.4-.6v46.4c0 23.5 6 21.2 25.8 23.9v8.1c-6.9-.3-23.1-.8-35.6-.8-13.1 0-26.1.6-33.6.8v-8.1c15.5-2.9 22-1.3 22-23.9V225c0-22.6-6.4-21-22-23.9V193c25.8 1 53.1-.6 70.9-.6 31.7 0 55.9 14.4 55.9 45.6 0 21.1-16.7 42.2-39.2 47.5 13.6 24.2 30 45.6 42.2 58.9 7.2 7.8 17.2 14.7 27.2 14.7v7.3zm22.9-135c-23.3 0-32.2-15.7-32.2-32.2V167c0-12.2 8.8-30.4 34-30.4s30.4 17.9 30.4 17.9l-10.7 7.2s-5.5-12.5-19.7-12.5c-7.9 0-19.7 7.3-19.7 19.7v26.8c0 13.4 6.6 23.3 17.9 23.3 14.1 0 21.5-10.9 21.5-26.8h-17.9v-10.7h30.4c0 20.5 4.7 49.9-34 49.9zm-116.5 44.7c-9.4 0-13.6-.3-20-.8v-69.7c6.4-.6 15-.6 22.5-.6 23.3 0 37.2 12.2 37.2 34.5 0 21.9-15 36.6-39.7 36.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mohsin-hassan-saeed-b9a61724\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin-in\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7484-7683\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-orcid\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M294.75 188.19h-45.92V342h47.47c67.62 0 83.12-51.34 83.12-76.91 0-41.64-26.54-76.9-84.67-76.9zM256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm-80.79 360.76h-29.84v-207.5h29.84zm-14.92-231.14a19.57 19.57 0 1 1 19.57-19.57 19.64 19.64 0 0 1-19.57 19.57zM300 369h-81V161.26h80.6c76.73 0 110.44 54.83 110.44 103.85C410 318.39 368.38 369 300 369z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7945a71 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7945a71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:300}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7d97fe wpr-team-member-divider-center wpr-team-member-social-media-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-team-member\" data-id=\"a7d97fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"wpr-team-member\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-media\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dr-A_F_M_Motiur_Rahman.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. A.F. M. Motiur Rahman\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-content\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-member-name\">Dr. A.F. M. Motiur Rahman<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-job\">Editorial Member<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-description\">Professor,  King Saud University, KSA\n<br>\n<br>\nPharmaceutical Chemistry, Synthetic and Natural Molecules, Drug Metabolism<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-social-media\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=JeKXZjIAAAAJ&#038;hl=en\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-google\" viewBox=\"0 0 488 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M488 261.8C488 403.3 391.1 504 248 504 110.8 504 0 393.2 0 256S110.8 8 248 8c66.8 0 123 24.5 166.3 64.9l-67.5 64.9C258.5 52.6 94.3 116.6 94.3 256c0 86.5 69.1 156.6 153.7 156.6 98.2 0 135-70.4 140.8-106.9H248v-85.3h236.1c2.3 12.7 3.9 24.9 3.9 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/A_F_M_Motiur_Rahman\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-researchgate\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 32v448h448V32H0zm262.2 334.4c-6.6 3-33.2 6-50-14.2-9.2-10.6-25.3-33.3-42.2-63.6-8.9 0-14.7 0-21.4-.6v46.4c0 23.5 6 21.2 25.8 23.9v8.1c-6.9-.3-23.1-.8-35.6-.8-13.1 0-26.1.6-33.6.8v-8.1c15.5-2.9 22-1.3 22-23.9V225c0-22.6-6.4-21-22-23.9V193c25.8 1 53.1-.6 70.9-.6 31.7 0 55.9 14.4 55.9 45.6 0 21.1-16.7 42.2-39.2 47.5 13.6 24.2 30 45.6 42.2 58.9 7.2 7.8 17.2 14.7 27.2 14.7v7.3zm22.9-135c-23.3 0-32.2-15.7-32.2-32.2V167c0-12.2 8.8-30.4 34-30.4s30.4 17.9 30.4 17.9l-10.7 7.2s-5.5-12.5-19.7-12.5c-7.9 0-19.7 7.3-19.7 19.7v26.8c0 13.4 6.6 23.3 17.9 23.3 14.1 0 21.5-10.9 21.5-26.8h-17.9v-10.7h30.4c0 20.5 4.7 49.9-34 49.9zm-116.5 44.7c-9.4 0-13.6-.3-20-.8v-69.7c6.4-.6 15-.6 22.5-.6 23.3 0 37.2 12.2 37.2 34.5 0 21.9-15 36.6-39.7 36.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/a-f-m-motiur-rahman-42ba757b\/?originalSubdomain=sa\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin-in\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-orcid\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M294.75 188.19h-45.92V342h47.47c67.62 0 83.12-51.34 83.12-76.91 0-41.64-26.54-76.9-84.67-76.9zM256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm-80.79 360.76h-29.84v-207.5h29.84zm-14.92-231.14a19.57 19.57 0 1 1 19.57-19.57 19.64 19.64 0 0 1-19.57 19.57zM300 369h-81V161.26h80.6c76.73 0 110.44 54.83 110.44 103.85C410 318.39 368.38 369 300 369z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-df31f13 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"df31f13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:400}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-454d718 wpr-team-member-divider-center wpr-team-member-social-media-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-team-member\" data-id=\"454d718\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"wpr-team-member\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-media\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Dr.-Li-Jiuyu.jpg\" alt=\"Dr .Li Jiuyu\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-content\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-member-name\">Dr .Li Jiuyu<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-job\">Editorial Member<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-description\">Professor,  University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China\n<br>\n<br>\nSoil Science, Soil Interfacial Chemistry, Soil Fertility, Surface Properties<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-member-social-media\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/english.issas.cas.cn\/res\/rd\/sfc\/vd\/202307\/t20230725_333849.html\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-google\" viewBox=\"0 0 488 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M488 261.8C488 403.3 391.1 504 248 504 110.8 504 0 393.2 0 256S110.8 8 248 8c66.8 0 123 24.5 166.3 64.9l-67.5 64.9C258.5 52.6 94.3 116.6 94.3 256c0 86.5 69.1 156.6 153.7 156.6 98.2 0 135-70.4 140.8-106.9H248v-85.3h236.1c2.3 12.7 3.9 24.9 3.9 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jiuyu-Li\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-researchgate\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 32v448h448V32H0zm262.2 334.4c-6.6 3-33.2 6-50-14.2-9.2-10.6-25.3-33.3-42.2-63.6-8.9 0-14.7 0-21.4-.6v46.4c0 23.5 6 21.2 25.8 23.9v8.1c-6.9-.3-23.1-.8-35.6-.8-13.1 0-26.1.6-33.6.8v-8.1c15.5-2.9 22-1.3 22-23.9V225c0-22.6-6.4-21-22-23.9V193c25.8 1 53.1-.6 70.9-.6 31.7 0 55.9 14.4 55.9 45.6 0 21.1-16.7 42.2-39.2 47.5 13.6 24.2 30 45.6 42.2 58.9 7.2 7.8 17.2 14.7 27.2 14.7v7.3zm22.9-135c-23.3 0-32.2-15.7-32.2-32.2V167c0-12.2 8.8-30.4 34-30.4s30.4 17.9 30.4 17.9l-10.7 7.2s-5.5-12.5-19.7-12.5c-7.9 0-19.7 7.3-19.7 19.7v26.8c0 13.4 6.6 23.3 17.9 23.3 14.1 0 21.5-10.9 21.5-26.8h-17.9v-10.7h30.4c0 20.5 4.7 49.9-34 49.9zm-116.5 44.7c-9.4 0-13.6-.3-20-.8v-69.7c6.4-.6 15-.6 22.5-.6 23.3 0 37.2 12.2 37.2 34.5 0 21.9-15 36.6-39.7 36.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/Jiuyu%20Li\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin-in\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/Jiuyu%20Li\" class=\"wpr-member-social\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-orcid\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M294.75 188.19h-45.92V342h47.47c67.62 0 83.12-51.34 83.12-76.91 0-41.64-26.54-76.9-84.67-76.9zM256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm-80.79 360.76h-29.84v-207.5h29.84zm-14.92-231.14a19.57 19.57 0 1 1 19.57-19.57 19.64 19.64 0 0 1-19.57 19.57zM300 369h-81V161.26h80.6c76.73 0 110.44 54.83 110.44 103.85C410 318.39 368.38 369 300 369z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f7f60c e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0f7f60c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5cb306 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5cb306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">News and Events<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361522a e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"361522a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06bfc54 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06bfc54\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cff3f7 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cff3f7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc45f88 wpr-flip-box-front-align-left wpr-flip-box-animation-flip wpr-flip-box-animation-3d-yes wpr-flip-box-anim-direction-right wpr-flip-box-back-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-flip-box\" data-id=\"cc45f88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box\" data-trigger=\"hover\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-front wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">Urbanization and Smart City Development<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Analysis of urban planning, smart infrastructure, and housing policies<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-back wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-flip-box-link\" href=\"#\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStay ConnectedInfo\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Stay in touch to know the upcoming events<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5b9b94 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5b9b94\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a11dbb1 wpr-flip-box-front-align-left wpr-flip-box-animation-flip wpr-flip-box-animation-3d-yes wpr-flip-box-anim-direction-right wpr-flip-box-back-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-flip-box\" data-id=\"a11dbb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box\" data-trigger=\"hover\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-front wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">Online Education<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Stay connected to get the information of online events<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-back wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-flip-box-link\" href=\"#\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStay Connected\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Stay in touch to know the upcoming events<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b715efe e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b715efe\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05bcb42 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05bcb42\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19c1155 wpr-flip-box-front-align-left wpr-flip-box-animation-flip wpr-flip-box-animation-3d-yes wpr-flip-box-anim-direction-right wpr-flip-box-back-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-flip-box\" data-id=\"19c1155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box\" data-trigger=\"hover\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-front wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">Awards<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Best Paper Award<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-back wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-flip-box-link\" href=\"#\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStay Connected\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Stay in touch to know the upcoming events<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3d7239 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3d7239\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4950910 wpr-flip-box-front-align-left wpr-flip-box-animation-flip wpr-flip-box-animation-3d-yes wpr-flip-box-anim-direction-right wpr-flip-box-back-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-flip-box\" data-id=\"4950910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box\" data-trigger=\"hover\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-front wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">International Conference<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Stay in touch to know the upcoming events<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-item wpr-flip-box-back wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-flip-box-link\" href=\"#\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpr-flip-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStay ConnectedInfo\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-flip-box-description\"><p>Stay in touch to know the upcoming events<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c4cd2 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a8c4cd2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc0878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cc0878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Associates<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62f9a45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"62f9a45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3b29cf\" data-id=\"d3b29cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-50a56f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"50a56f4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-37579e0\" data-id=\"37579e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-841fe9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"841fe9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:54,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/web-of-science-journal-indexing.png\" alt=\"web-of-science-journal-indexing\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Clarivate_Logo.png\" alt=\"Clarivate_Logo\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sch.png\" alt=\"sch\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/agris.png\" alt=\"agris\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/clarivate-web-of-science-logo-vector-1.png\" alt=\"clarivate-web-of-science-logo-vector\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/cross.png\" alt=\"cross\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/clarivate-web-of-science-logo-vector.png\" alt=\"clarivate-web-of-science-logo-vector\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"8 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/data.png\" alt=\"data\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"9 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/DOAJ_logo.jpg\" alt=\"DOAJ_logo\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"10 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/doi-logo-png_seeklogo-284972.png\" alt=\"doi-logo-png_seeklogo-284972\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"11 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ebsco_1.png\" alt=\"ebsco_1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"12 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/EBSCO_Logo-1536x541-1.png\" alt=\"EBSCO_Logo-1536x541\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"13 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ERIC_logo_US_ED.png\" alt=\"ERIC_logo_(US_ED)\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"14 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/esci_logo.jpg\" alt=\"esci_logo\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"15 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/jestor.png\" alt=\"jestor\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"16 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/mrea.png\" alt=\"mrea\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"17 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/pjk.jpg\" alt=\"pjk\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"18 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/proquest_logo.jpg\" alt=\"proquest_logo\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"19 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/pubmed1.png\" alt=\"pubmed1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"20 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/repes.png\" alt=\"repes\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"21 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/rsps.png\" alt=\"rsps\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"22 of 22\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xScopus.png.png\" alt=\"xScopus.png.\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ab92dad elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"4ab92dad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;split&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 20\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0,0v3c0,0,393.8,0,483.4,0c9.2,0,16.6,7.4,16.6,16.6c0-9.1,7.4-16.6,16.6-16.6C606.2,3,1000,3,1000,3V0H0z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58a6312d\" data-id=\"58a6312d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc0d8f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5dc0d8f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ready to Drive Change through Research? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-788ab0ca elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"788ab0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39afcdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39afcdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Submit Your Article to JRID in Advancing Innovation, Knowledge, and Impact for a Sustainable Future<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adff2cc wpr-button-icon-style-inline wpr-button-icon-position-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-button\" data-id=\"adff2cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-button-wrap elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t<a class=\"wpr-button wpr-button-effect wpr-button-overline-from-left\" data-text=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/publication.cridglobal.org\/jrid\/submit-manuscript\/\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wpr-button-text\">Submit Manuscript<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to the Journal of Research Innovation and Developmant (JRID) A Scholarly International Journal for Multidisciplinary Publications and Transformative Research Submit Manuscript Introduction The Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID) is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed international academic journal published by the Center for Research Innovation and Development (CRID), based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. JRID serves as a dynamic platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to share original research, critical insights, and innovative solutions that address pressing challenges in local, regional, and global development. Launched with the mission to promote evidence-based knowledge and foster inclusive development, JRID publishes high-quality research articles, reviews, policy briefs, and case studies across a wide range of disciplines including sustainable development, public health, environmental science, education, technology, agriculture, social sciences, and economics. The journal encourages both theoretical and applied research that contributes to innovation, capacity building, and sustainable policy transformation. JRID is especially committed to highlighting research from the Global South and creating space for emerging scholars and early-career researchers. By offering a platform that values contextual relevance, interdisciplinary thinking, and collaborative approaches, the journal supports the generation of new ideas that can inform policy and practice across diverse sectors. The journal maintains a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic integrity and uphold high publication standards. It welcomes contributions from researchers, development professionals, and academics around the world, with special interest in research that bridges the gap between knowledge and action.\u00a0 In addition to publishing biannually, JRID also curates special issues on emerging themes and organizes academic dialogues, workshops, and knowledge-sharing events in collaboration with partner institutions. By advancing innovative thinking and research excellence, the Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID) aligns with CRID\u2019s broader vision of building a more informed, equitable, and sustainable future through impactful scholarship and global collaboration. Explore More About the Journal The Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID) is an international peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary academic journal published by the Center for Research Innovation and Development (CRID), headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dedicated to fostering scholarly exchange and innovation, JRID provides a vibrant forum for researchers, professionals, and policymakers to contribute cutting-edge studies, analytical perspectives, and practical approaches to contemporary challenges in development at local, regional, and global scales. Launched with the mission to promote evidence-based knowledge and foster inclusive development, JRID publishes high-quality research articles, reviews, policy briefs, and case studies across a wide range of disciplines including sustainable development, public health, environmental science, education, technology, agriculture, social sciences, and economics. The journal encourages both theoretical and applied research that contributes to innovation, capacity building, and sustainable policy transformation. JRID is especially committed to highlighting research from the Global South and creating space for emerging scholars and early-career researchers. By offering a platform that values contextual relevance, interdisciplinary thinking, and collaborative approaches, the journal supports the generation of new ideas that can inform policy and practice across diverse sectors. The journal maintains a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic integrity and uphold high publication standards. It welcomes contributions from researchers, development professionals, and academics around the world, with special interest in research that bridges the gap between knowledge and action.\u00a0 In addition to publishing biannually, JRID also curates special issues on emerging themes and organizes academic dialogues, workshops, and knowledge-sharing events in collaboration with partner institutions. By advancing innovative thinking and research excellence, the Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID) aligns with CRID\u2019s broader vision of building a more informed, equitable, and sustainable future through impactful scholarship and global collaboration. Prof. Dr. Sani Yaya Editor-in-Chief Professor of Economics and Global Health, Director and Associate Dean of the School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada Facebook-f Youtube Twitter Instagram Tumblr Open Access Statement CRID upholds the principle that knowledge should be accessible to all for the collective benefit of humankind. Research published in JRID is made freely available to readers worldwide, removing barriers to access and enhancing the global exchange of knowledge. Article processing charges (APCs) are covered by authors or their institutions. All CRID journals, including JRID, operate under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY), allowing articles to be shared and adapted freely, provided appropriate credit is given and any modifications are clearly stated. Authors retain full copyright of their work. Double-Blind Peer Review Statement The Journal of Research Innovation and Development (JRID) employs a double-blind peer review process to ensure the highest standards of academic quality, integrity, and impartiality. In this system: Authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other throughout the review process. Reviewers do not have access to any identifying information about the authors, and authors do not know the identity of the reviewers. Manuscripts are reviewed solely on the basis of their scholarly merit, methodological soundness, originality, and relevance to the journal\u2019s scope. The editorial team ensures that submitted manuscripts are stripped of identifying information before being sent to reviewers. Reviewers are selected based on their subject expertise, academic qualifications, and experience in scholarly publishing. All submitted papers are initially screened by the editorial board to assess suitability and adherence to submission guidelines. Only manuscripts that pass this initial check are sent for peer review. Based on the reviewers\u2019 recommendations, the editorial team makes the final decision regarding acceptance, revision, or rejection. This rigorous double-blind review policy upholds the journal\u2019s commitment to fairness, transparency, and academic excellence. Copyright Statement Under CRID\u2019s Conditions for Website Use and General Conditions for Authors, authors retain copyright of their articles. Third-party content included by CRID remains under the copyright of the respective owners. Authors are free to disseminate or republish their articles, with due citation of the original publication. Visitors may also download or share content, subject to the citation rules and copyright conditions mentioned. Key Features High Visibility: JRID is actively applying for indexing in major international databases to ensure wide visibility and scholarly impact. Rapid Publication: Submitted manuscripts receive a first editorial decision within approximately 15 days of submission. 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